Enquiries concerning reproduction outside the scope of the above should be sent to the Rights Department, Oxford University Press, at the address above You must not circulate this book in any other binding or cover and you must impose the same condition on any acquirer British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data Data available Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Data available Typeset by SPI Publisher Services, Pondicherry, India Printed in Great Britain on acid-free paper by MPG Books Group, Bodmin and King’s Lynn ISBN 978–0–19–965426–0 1 3 5 7 9 10 8 6 4 2Ĭontents Preface Acknowledgments Dating and other conventions Abbreviations Bibliographical abbreviationsġ Introduction 1.1 The place of English within Indo-European 1.2 Germanic 1.3 Gothic 1.4 North Germanic 1.5 West Germanic 1.6 Continental borrowings into English 1.7 Celtic 1.8 Subdivisions of the Celtic family 1.9 Goidelic (Gaelic) 1.10 Brittonic (Brythonic/British) 1.11 Conclusion and conspectusĢ Celtic, Roman, and Germanic background 2.1 Pre-Celts and Celts in Britain 2.2 British Celtic toponyms 2.3 Early Celtic loanwords in English 2.4 Roman period in Britain 2.5 Roman influence on the early Germanic tribes 2.6 Early continental borrowings from Latin 2.7 Latin borrowings west of the Rhine 2.8 The end of Roman rule in Britain 2.9 Residues of romanization and the fate of Latin 2.10 Arrival of the pre-English tribes 2.11 The question of Frisian participation 2.12 Linguistic evidence 2.13 Problems for Vortigernġ5 15 16 19 20 22 22 23 24 25 28 29 29 30 No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without the prior permission in writing of Oxford University Press, or as expressly permitted by law, or under terms agreed with the appropriate reprographics rights organization. Gary Miller 2012 The moral rights of the author have been asserted Database right Oxford University Press (maker) First published 2012 All rights reserved. It furthers the University’s objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education by publishing worldwide in Oxford New York Auckland Cape Town Dar es Salaam Hong Kong Karachi Kuala Lumpur Madrid Melbourne Mexico City Nairobi New Delhi Shanghai Taipei Toronto With offices in Argentina Austria Brazil Chile Czech Republic France Greece Guatemala Hungary Italy Japan Poland Portugal Singapore South Korea Switzerland Thailand Turkey Ukraine Vietnam Oxford is a registered trade mark of Oxford University Press in the UK and in certain other countries Published in the United States by Oxford University Press Inc., New York # D.
Great Clarendon Street, Oxford OX2 6DP Oxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford. His scholarly, readable, and always fascinating account will be of enduring value to everyone interested in the history of English.Įxternal Influences on English From its Beginnings to the Renaissance Gary Miller combines historical, cultural, and linguistic perspectives. He shows how loanwords from French, for example, not only increased the richness of English derivation but resulted in a complex competition between native and borrowed suffixes. He describes the effects of English contacts with the Celts, Vikings, and French, and the ways in which these altered the language's morphological and syntactic structure. He also considers why several centuries later the process of importation was renewed and accelerated. He provides detailed case studies of the processes by which several hundred of them entered English. Professor Miller shows how and why the Anglo-Saxons began to borrow and adapt words from Latin and Greek. In doing so it makes profound contributions to the history of English and of western culture more generally.Įnglish is a Germanic language but altogether different from the other languages of that family. This book provides the fullest account ever published of the external influences on English during the first thousand years of its formation.
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